Constitution Day, also known as Samvidhan Diwas, is celebrated every year on November 26 to commemorate the adoption of the Indian constitution shaping the democratic framework of the nation. Under the leadership of BR Ambedkar, the Constituent Assembly finalised the constitution after three years in 1949. The constitution of India came into effect on January 26, 1950, marking the birth anniversary of the Indian Republic.
Indian Constitution Day: History
Recognising the significance of this historic event, the Government of India officially declared November 26 as Constitution Day in 2015, under the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment.
The constituent Assembly drafted the constitution in 1946 under the 1946 Cabinet Mission Plan. The first session was held on December 9, 1946, under Dr Sachhidanand Sinha, who served as the provisional president, and Dr Rajendra Prasand, acting as the permanent chairman.
BR Ambedkar chaired the Drafting Committee which prepared the longest constitution which originally included 395 articles, 22 parts and 12 schedules.
The Constitution was handwritten with calligraphy by Prem Behari Narain Raizada in English and Hindi and the artwork was done by Nandalal Bose and Shantiniketan artists. The original manuscript features 22 historical illustrations preserved in helium-filled cases at the Parliament Library.The constitution has undergone several amendments.
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